Infinito
|
to call
|
Tempo passato
|
called
|
Participio passato
|
called
|
Per coniugare un verbo inglese occorre avere tre voci: l'infinito, il passato ( traduce imperfetto e passato remoto italiani) e il participio passato
Infinito
|
to help
|
aiutare
|
Tempo passato
|
I helped
|
aiutai, aiutavo
|
Participio passato
|
helped
|
aiutato/a
|
Il tempo passato (past tense) e il participio passato dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo all’infinito (senza to) la desinenza ed.
Infinito
|
to help
|
aiutare
|
Tempo passato
|
I helped
|
aiutai, aiutavo
|
Participio passato
|
helped
|
aiutato/a
|
Infinito
|
to hope
|
sperare
|
Tempo passato
|
I hoped
|
sperai, speravo
|
Participio passato
|
hoped
|
sperato
|
Il tempo passato è uguale in tutte le persone e si coniuga come segue:
I worked
|
We worked
|
You worked
|
You worked
|
he/she/it worked
|
They worked
|
I tempi composti si formano con l'ausiliare to have seguito dal participio passato del verbo da coniugare
He has invented
Ha inventatoHe has gone
Egli è andato
We have arrived
Siamo arrivati
ATTENZIONE
Tutti i verbi vogliono to have nella forma attiva, riflessiva, reciproca, impersonale. To be si usa come ausiliare nella forma passiva.
CONIUGAZIONE DI UN VERBO REGOLARE
TO WORK (LAVORARE)
God save the Queen
Dio salvi la regina
God bless America
Dio benedica l'America
Heaven forbid that...
Il cielo non voglia che...
I would like them to be more polite
Mary wants him to wash the dishes
Maria vuole che lui lavi i piatti
CONIUGAZIONE DI UN VERBO REGOLARE
TO WORK (LAVORARE)
INDICATIVO (INDICATIVE)
Forma affermativa
PRESENTE (SIMPLE PRESENT)
| |
I work
|
we work
|
you work
|
you work
|
he/she/it works
|
they work
|
PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I am working
|
we are working
|
you are working
|
you are working
|
he/she/it is working
|
they are working
|
PASSATO SEMPLICE (SIMPLE PAST)
| |
I worked
|
we worked
|
you worked
|
you worked
|
he/she/it worked
|
they worked
|
PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST CONTINUOUS)
| |
I was working
|
we were working
|
you were working
|
you were working
|
he/she/it was working
|
they were working
|
PASSATO PROSSIMO (PRESENT PERFECT)
| |
I have worked
|
we have worked
|
you have worked
|
you have worked
|
he/she/it has worked
|
they have worked
|
PASSATO PROSS. PROGR. (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I have been working
|
we have been working
|
you have been working
|
you have been working
|
he/she/it has been working
|
they have been working
|
TRAPASSATO (PAST PERFECT)
| |
I had worked
|
we had worked
|
you had worked
|
you had worked
|
he/she/it had worked
|
they had worked
|
TRAPASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I had been working
|
we had been working
|
you had been working
|
you had been working
|
he/she/it had been working
|
they had been working
|
FUTURO SEMPLICE (FUTURE)
| |
I will (shall) work
|
we will (shall) work
|
you will work
|
you will work
|
he/she/it will work
|
they will work
|
FUTURO PROGRESSIVO (FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
| |
I will be working
|
we will be working
|
you will be working
|
you will be working
|
he/she/it will be working
|
they will be working
|
FUTURO ANTERIORE (FUTURE PERFECT)
| |
I will have worked
|
we will have worked
|
you will have worked
|
you will have worked
|
he/she/it will have worked
|
they will have worked
|
FUTURO ANT. PROGR. (FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I will have been working
|
we will have been working
|
you will have been working
|
you will have been working
|
he/she/it will have been working
|
they will have been working
|
INDICATIVO (INDICATIVE)
Forma negativa
PRESENTE
| |
I do not work
|
we do not work
|
you do not work
|
you do not work
|
he/she/it does not work
|
they do not work
|
PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I am not working
|
we are not working
|
you are not working
|
you are not working
|
he/she/it is not working
|
they are not working
|
PASSATO SEMPLICE
| |
I did not work
|
we did not work
|
you did not work
|
you did not work
|
he/she/it did not work
|
they did not work
|
PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST CONTINUOUS)
| |
I was not working
|
we were not working
|
you were not working
|
you were not working
|
he/she/it was not working
|
they were not working
|
PASSATO PROSSIMO
| |
I have not worked
|
we have not worked
|
you have not worked
|
you have not worked
|
he/she/it has not worked
|
they have not worked
|
PASSATO PROSS. PROGR. (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I have not been working
|
we have not been working
|
you have not been working
|
you have not been working
|
he/she/it has not been working
|
they have not been working
|
TRAPASSATO
| |
I had not worked
|
we had not worked
|
you had not worked
|
you had not worked
|
he/she/it had not worked
|
they had not worked
|
TRAPASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I had not been working
|
we had not been working
|
you had not been working
|
you had not been working
|
he/she/it had not been working
|
they had not been working
|
FUTURO SEMPLICE
| |
I will (shall) not work
|
we I will (shall) not work
|
you will not work
|
you will not work
|
he/she/it will not work
|
they will not work
|
FUTURO PROGRESSIVO (FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
| |
I will not be working
|
we will not be working
|
you will not be working
|
you will not be working
|
he/she/it will not be working
|
they will not be working
|
FUTURO ANTERIORE
| |
I will (shall) not have worked
|
we will (shall) not have worked
|
you will not have worked
|
you will not have worked
|
he/she/it will not have worked
|
they will not have worked
|
FUTURO ANT. PROGR. (FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
I will not have been working
|
we will not have been working
|
you will not have been working
|
you will not have been working
|
he/she/it will not have been working
|
they will not have been working
|
INDICATIVO (INDICATIVE)
Forma interrogativa
PRESENTE
| |
do I work?
|
do we work ?
|
do you work?
|
do you work?
|
does he/she/it work?
|
do they work?
|
PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
| |
am I working?
|
are we working?
|
are you working?
|
are you working?
|
is he/she/it working?
|
are they working?
|
PASSATO SEMPLICE
| |
did I work?
|
did we work?
|
did you work?
|
did you work ?
|
did he/she it work?
|
did they work?
|
PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST CONTINUOUS)
| |
was I working?
|
were we working?
|
were you working?
|
were you working?
|
was he/she/it working?
|
were they working?
|
PASSATO PROSSIMO
| |
have I worked ?
|
have we worked ?
|
have you worked ?
|
have you worked ?
|
has he/she/it worked ?
|
have they worked ?
|
PASSATO PROSS. PROGR. (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
have I been working?
|
we have been working?
|
have you been working?
|
have you been working?
|
has he/she/it been working?
|
have they been working?
|
TRAPASSATO
| |
had I worked ?
|
had we worked ?
|
had you worked ?
|
had you worked ?
|
had he/she it worked?
|
had they worked ?
|
TRAPASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
had I been working?
|
had we been working?
|
had you been working?
|
had you been working?
|
had he/she/it been working?
|
had they been working?
|
FUTURO SEMPLICE
| |
will (shall) I work ?
|
will (shall) we work ?
|
will you work ?
|
will you work ?
|
will he/she/it work ?
|
will they work ?
|
FUTURO PROGRESSIVO (FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
| |
will I be working?
|
will we be working?
|
will you be working?
|
will you be working?
|
will he/she/it be working?
|
will they be working?
|
FUTURO ANTERIORE
| |
will (shall) I have worked ?
|
will (shall) we have worked ?
|
will you have worked ?
|
will you have worked ?
|
will he/she/it have worked ?
|
will they have worked ?
|
FUTURO ANT. PROGR. (FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
| |
will I have been working?
|
will we have been working?
|
will you have been working?
|
will you have been working?
|
will he/she/it have been working?
|
will they have been working?
|
CONGIUNTIVO (SUBJUNCTIVE)
Il
congiuntivo (subjunctive) è un modo quasi scomparso in inglese e viene
solitamente sostituito dal modo indicativo, secondo il seguente schema:
Congiuntivo italiano
|
Indicative
|
Congiuntivo Presente
(io lavori) |
Simple Present
I work
you work
he/she/it works
we work
you work
they work
|
Congiuntivo Imperfetto
(io lavorassi) |
Simple Past
I worked
you worked
he-she-it worked
we worked
you worked
they worked |
Congiuntivo Passato
(io abbia lavorato) |
Present Perfect
I have worked
you have worked
he/she/it has worked
we have worked
you have worked
they have worked
|
Congiuntivo Trapassato
(io avessi lavorato)
|
Past Perfect
I had worked
you had worked
he/she/it had worked
we had worked
you had worked
they had worked
|
IMPORTANTE
Il congiuntivo presente italiano si rende con l'infinitive senza to, cioè senza la s alla terza persona singolare, in alcune espressioni di tipo religioso e arcaicoGod save the Queen
Dio salvi la regina
God bless America
Dio benedica l'America
Heaven forbid that...
Il cielo non voglia che...
Il congiuntivo presente o imperfetto italiano è reso dall'infinitive + to dopo i verbi ask (chiedere), expect (aspettarsi), want (volere), would like (mi piacerebbe), would love (amerei), would prefer (preferirei), would hate (odierei).
In inglese il soggetto della proposizione subordinata italiana diventa complemento oggetto della proposizione principale.
Vorrei che fossero più gentiliI would like them to be more polite
Mary wants him to wash the dishes
Maria vuole che lui lavi i piatti
CONDIZIONALE (CONDITIONAL)
Forma affermativa
PRESENTE (PRESENT)
| |
I would (should) work
|
we would (should) work
|
you would work
|
you would work
|
he/she/it would work
|
they would work
|
PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
| |
I would be working
|
we would be working
|
you would be working
|
you would be working
|
he/she/it would be working
|
they would be working
|
PASSATO (PERFECT)
| |
I would (should) have worked
|
we would (should) have worked
|
you would have worked
|
you would have worked
|
he/she/it would have worked
|
they would have worked
|
PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)
| |
I would have been working
|
we would have been working
|
you would have been working
|
you would have been working
|
he/she/it would have been working
|
they would have been working
|
CONDIZIONALE (CONDITIONAL)
Forma negativa
PRESENTE
| |
I would (should) not have
|
we would (should) not have
|
you would not have
|
you would not have
|
he/she/it would not have
|
they would not have
|
PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
| |
I would not be working
|
we would not be working
|
you would not be working
|
you would not be working
|
he/she/it would not be working
|
they would not be working
|
PASSATO
| |
I would (should) not have had
|
we would (should) not have had
|
you would not have had
|
you would not have had
|
he/she/it would have had
|
they would not have had
|
PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)
| |
I would not have been working
|
we would not have been working
|
you would not have been working
|
you would not have been working
|
he/she/it would not have been working
|
they would not have been working
|
CONDIZIONALE (CONDITIONAL)
Forma interrogativa
PRESENTE
| |
would (should) I have ?
|
would (should) we have ?
|
would you have ?
|
would you have ?
|
would he/she/it have ?
|
would they have ?
|
PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
| |
would I be working ?
|
would we be working?
|
would you be working?
|
would you be working?
|
would he/she/it be working?
|
would they be working?
|
PASSATO
| |
would (should) I have had ?
|
would (should) we have had?
|
would you have had ?
|
would you have had ?
|
would he/she/it have had ?
|
would they have had ?
|
PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)
| |
would I have been working?
|
would we have been working?
|
would you have been working?
|
would you have been working?
|
would he/she/it have been working?
|
would they have been working?
|
IMPERATIVO (IMPERATIVE)
Forma affermativa
PRESENTE
| |
let me work!
|
let us work!
|
work!
|
work!
|
let him/she/it work!
|
let them work!
|
IMPERATIVO (IMPERATIVE)
Forma negativa
PRESENTE
| |
don't let me work!
|
don't let us work!
|
don't work!
|
don't work!
|
don't let him/she/it work!
|
don't let them work!
|
GERUNDIO (GERUND)
Forma affermativa
PRESENTE
|
working
|
PASSATO
|
having worked
|
GERUNDIO (GERUND)
Forma negativa
PRESENTE
|
not working
|
PASSATO
|
not having worked
|
PARTICIPIO (PARTICIPLE)
Forma affermativa
PRESENTE
|
working
|
PASSATO
|
worked
|
PARTICIPIO (PARTICIPLE)
Forma negativa
PRESENTE
|
not working
|
PASSATO
|
not worked
|
INFINITO (INFINITIVE)
Forma affermativa
PRESENTE
|
to work
|
PASSATO
|
to have worked
|
INFINITO (INFINITIVE)
Forma negativa
PRESENTE
|
not to work
|
PASSATO
|
not to have worked
|
IMPORTANTE
I verbi che esprimono opinioni/emozioni (like-love-prefer-hate etc.), condizioni mentali (know-remember-think-understand-believe etc.), percezioni (see-hear ma non look e listen to!), possesso (have-own) NON ACCETTANO LA FORMA PROGRESSIVA e pertanto non possono essere usati in quei tempi verbali che prevedono la forma in –ING.
Il
fatto che determinati verbi si trovino in questa lista non significa
che non si incontreranno mai alla forma in –ING. L’inglese è una lingua
che si esprime con un numero di vocaboli inferiore rispetto
all’italiano. Questo implica che ogni vocabolo ha spesso più di un
significato che si comprende solo dal contesto.
Per
esempio, to have è in questa lista perché, quando significa possedere,
non può essere messo alla forma in –ING. Ciò non toglie che, in tutti i
casi in cui have ha un significato di azione (I’m having a shower), è possibile tranquillamente trovarlo alla forma in –ING.
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